Upconversion nanoparticles demonstrate unique optical properties, making them attractive for applications in bioimaging, sensing, and therapy. However, their potential toxicity remains a substantial concern. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity linked with upconversion nanoparticles. It explores various aspects, incl

Zinc oxide is a substance renowned for its remarkable strength to protect delicate skin. This gentle ingredient has long been used in a variety of skincare products, from sunscreens to diaper rash creams, due to its exceptional protective characteristics. Forming a physical defense on the skin's surface, zinc oxide effectively absorbs harmful rad